2012-05-10 Military Intelligence and the 35 Fox | US v PFC Bradley Manning

The United States Army and Marine Corps call their enlisted job specialties, "MOS's," or Military Occupation Specialties.

Bradley Manning was a 35F or 35 Fox, Military Intelligence Analyst, assigned to Company B, 2nd Brigade Special Troops Battalion, 2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division Light Infantry (LI), when, the US Government says, he disclosed the largest leak of classified information in US History.

According to the US Army, the mission of the 35F Military Occupational Specialty [MOS] is to "gather, analyze, and report intelligence information that reveals the intended secrets of hostile forces," and 35F "must qualify for a top secret clearance with special access eligibility."

It should be noted, his alleged leak concerned information only marked at the lowest level of classification, "SECRET", or was not classified at all.

For example, on testimony by Army CID Agent, Toni Graham, at Bradley Manning's Article 32 Pretrial Hearing and similarly at the March 16, 2011 Motion Hearing for US v PFC Bradley Manning, there is still uncertainty as to whether or not the July 12, 2007 Baghdad air strike video, commonly known as "Collateral Murder" was classified or not.

35Fs analyze data including weather, terrain, and the position of opposing forces. They are trained to read and interpret maps, electronically plot symbols, and consolidate intelligence data onto a situation map.

35Fs are also trained to run diagnostic checks on the Army's computer systems, and to transmit reports that they gather from multiple intelligence sources to strategic agencies by either electronically or hard copy.

35Fs can work at a fixed intelligence unit or a field unit battalion, such as psychological operations, artillery, or air defense.

They can also volunteer for duty in an airborne unit, where their duties may include using photos or maps to prepare classified reports, battle damage assessments, and other kinds of information for command briefings. 35Fs may also set up field intelligence equipment or for a tactical local area network.

35Fs must be US citizens and possess "no psychiatric pathology." Although, they "may have history of a transient personality disorder."

The above qualifications are interesting in light the pressure on the British government being to take up the case of Bradley Manning on the grounds that he is a UK citizen, and testimony given at Manning's Article 32 Pretrial Hearing that asserted that sometime in 2009, before being deployed to Iraq, Manning sent an email to Master Sergeant Adkins, who was the highest ranking officer in the T-SCIF where Manning worked.

The email explained how Manning's gender identity affected him, how it impacted Manning's ability to think. The email included a picture of Manning dressed as a woman. Adkins had not share Manning's email with Captain Steven Lim, the Brigade S2, Military Intelligence Company Commander, until after Manning is arrested on May 29, 2010. Adkins was later demoted to Sergeant First Class

'This is my problem. I've had signs of it for a very long time. I've been trying very, very hard to get rid of it. It is not going away. It is haunting me more and more as I get older. Now the consequences are getting harder. I am not sure what to do with it. It's destroying my ties with family. It is preventing me from developing as a person. It's the cause of my pain and confusion. It makes the most basic things in my life very difficult.' He said the only help that seems available is severe punishment. 'I have a fear of getting caught and have gone to great lengths to conceal my disorder. It is difficult to sleep and impossible to have conversations. It makes my entire life feel like a bad dream that won't end. I don't know what to do. I don't know what will happen to me. But at this point I feel like I am not here anymore.' (Source: Bradley Manning Support Network)

Training for the 35Fs takes place over 16 weeks, 3 days at Fort Huachuca, AZ.

(Source below: US Army Web site)

Career Management Field [CMF]: 35F

MOS Details

Major Duties:

Supervises, performs, or coordinates, collection management, analysis, processing, and dissemination of strategic and tactical intelligence.

Skill Level 1

Prepares all source intelligence products to support the combat commander. Assists in establishing and maintaining systematic, cross-referenced intelligence records and files. Receives and processes incoming reports and messages. Assists in determining significance and reliability of incoming information. Assists in integrating incoming information with current intelligence holdings and prepares and maintains the situation map. Assists in the analysis and evaluation of intelligence holdings to determine changes in enemy capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable courses of action. Assists in the preparation of Order of Battle records using information from all sources and in the preparation of strength estimates of enemy units. Assembles and proofreads intelligence reports and assists in consolidating them into military intelligence. Prepares Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) products.

Skill Level 2

Performs duties shown in preceding skill level and provides guidance to subordinate soldiers. Analyzes current intelligence holdings to identify gaps and subsequent intelligence collection requirements. Considers enemy Order of Battle records in the development of collection tasks and assessment of enemy vulnerabilities and probable courses of action. Assists in the preparation of reports on captured enemy material. Drafts periodic and special intelligence reports, plans, and briefings.

Skill Level 3

Performs duties shown in preceding skill level and provides guidance to subordinate soldiers. Supervises the receipt, analysis, dissemination, and storage of intelligence information. Supervises the IPB process. Quality controls analysis performed by subordinates. Assists in the preparation of indicators to satisfy priority intelligence requirements. Provides indicators and current situation briefings to subordinates. Receives, produces, and disseminates intelligence reports containing information obtained from all sources. Assists in preparing and conducting command intelligence training programs. Supervises intelligence operations within a combat battalion.

Skill Level 4

Performs duties shown in preceding skill level. Assembles enemy intelligence information and material. Coordinates flow of intelligence information between intelligence disciplines and supervises the all source production process. Supervises intelligence operations within combat brigade. Conducts general intelligence training. Supervises collection management in an Analysis Control Element (ACE).

Skill Level 5 Performs duties shown in preceding skill level and provides guidance to subordinate soldiers. Trains immediate subordinates in specific phases of intelligence operations. Assists in appraisal of intelligence, operations, and training procedures. Coordinates operating requirements of subordinate units. Supervises intelligence operations in a division ACE.

Physical Demands Rating: medium

Physical Profile Serial No.: 222221

• Physical capacity or stamina: Able to perform maximum effort over long periods.
• Upper extremities: Slightly limited mobility of joints, muscular weakness, or other musculo-skeletal defects that do not prevent hand–to–hand fighting and do not disqualify for prolonged effort.
• Lower extremities: Slightly limited mobility of joints, muscular weakness, or other musculo-skeletal defects that do not prevent moderate marching, climbing, timed walking, or prolonged effort.
• Hearing and ears: Audiometer average level for each ear at 500, 1000, 2000 Hz, or not more than 30 dB, with no individual level greater than 35 dB at these frequencies, and level not more than 55 dB at 4000 Hz; or audiometer level 30 dB at 500 Hz, 25 dB at 1000 and 2000 Hz, and 35 dB at 4000 Hz in better ear. (Poorer ear may be deaf.)
• Eyes: Distant visual acuity correctable to not worse than 20/40 and 20/70, or 20/30 and 20/100, or 20/20 and 20/ 400.
• Psychiatric: No psychiatric pathology. May have history of a transient personality disorder.

Qualifications and Prerequisites

Army Enlisted Job Descriptions and Qualification Factors [ASVAB] Minimum Score: 105 total from General Science (GS)+Word Knowledge (WK)+Paragraph Comprehension (PC)+Mathematics Knowledge (MK)+Mechanical Comprehension (MC)

Education: High school graduate

Other Qualifications: M

• Must be a US citizen
• Soldier and spouse must not have immediate family members who reside in a country within whose boundaries physical or mental coercion is known to be common practice, either against-
  1. Persons accused of acting in the interest of the United States or
  2. The relatives of such persons to whom they may reasonably be considered to be bound by ties of affection, kinship, or obligation. Near relatives will also include uncles, aunts, grandparents, father- in-law, mother-in-law, and relationships corresponding to any of the above persons in loco parentis (AR 630-5 and 37 USC 501).
• Formal training (completion of MOS 96B course conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Army Intelligence Center) mandatory.
• Must have successfully completed a high school algebra course or equivalent.
• Must meet TOP SECRET security clearance and Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) access eligibility requirements.
• Meet career management and development criteria contained in AR 600-200, AR 614-200, and DA Pam 351-4.
• No record of court-martial
• No record of conviction by a civil court for any offense other than minor traffic violations
• No information in military personnel, Provost Marshal, intelligence, or medical records which will prevent the granting of security clearance under AR 380-67
• Never been a member of the U.S. Peace Corps, except as specified in AR 614-200, chapter 1
• Have neither commercial nor vested interest in a country within whose boundaries physical or mental coercion is known to be a common practice against persons acting in the interest of the United States. This requirement applies to the soldier's spouse as well.
• Normal color vision
• Be advised that due to the nature of training and assignments, temporary restrictions may be placed on foreign travel both during and after the term of service.

US Army Intelligence MOS

Below are Army MOS's that fall under the military Intelligence Field for the US Army:

Specialty	Career Management Field [CMF]	Major Duties
All Source Intelligence Technician	350F	The All Source Intelligence Technician is a warrant officer position which is responsible for combining and organizing intelligence information from different source into a single finished product. They may also advise the commander and his staff on the intelligence situation and considerations, as well as coordinating with analytical groups, specialized intelligence activities, and intergovernmental or multinational organizations.
Common Ground Station Operator	35H	Supervises or participates in detecting, locating and tracking ground targets and rotary wing and slow moving fixed wing aircraft.
Communications Locator/Interceptor	98H	Performs and supervises detection, acquisition, identification, exploitation and location of foreign communications employing international Morse code (IMC) and radio-printer (non-Morse) using signals intelligence/electronic warfare (SIGINT/EW) collection and location equipment. Performs collection management.
Counter Intelligence Technician	351L	The Counter Intelligence Technician is a warrant officer position which conducts investigations into potential acts of terrorism, espionage, or sabotage, against the Army, and works to prevent such acts. They also report such threats to commanders and their staff, and may also work with the Criminal Investigation Division, FBI, Department of Justice, and other federal or state agencies.
Counterintelligence / Human Intelligence Senior Sergeant	97Z	Supervises the collection, processing, development, and dissemination of counterintelligence, counter-signals intelligence, and human intelligence information.
Counterintelligence Agent	35L	Supervises and conducts, or assists in conducting, CI surveys and investigations of individuals, organizations, and installations to detect, identify, assess, counter, exploit, and neutralize threats to national security.
Cryptologic Communications	35P	The cryptologic linguist performs and supervises detection, acquisition, geolocation, identification, and exploitation and analysis of foreign communications at all echelons using signals intelligence/electronic warfare (SIGINT/EW) systems. The cryptologic linguist copies, translates, transcribes, gists and/or produces summaries of foreign communication transmissions; performs analysis and ISR synchronization to support mission requirements.
Cryptologic Linguist	98G	Performs and supervises detection, acquisition, location, identification, and exploitation of foreign communications at all echelons using signals equipment. Translates, transcribes, gists, or produces summaries of foreign language transmissions in English/target languages. Performs collection management.
Electronic Intelligence Interceptor/Analyst	98J	Performs and supervises detection, acquisition, location, identification, exploitation, and reporting of foreign ELINT at division, corps, and echelon above corps (EAC). Performs collection management.
Electronic Warfare Specialist	29E	The Electronic Warfare Specialist supervises and performs military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Ground Surveillance Systems Operator	96R	Supervises or operates ground surveillance systems engaged in intelligence and information gathering.
Human Intelligence Collection Technician	351M	Human Intelligence Collection Technician (HUMINT Collection Technician) is a warrant officer position which is responsible for the gathering of intelligence from human sources. HUMINT Technicians interrogate and debrief (as per Uniform Code of Military Justice, and other applicable regulations and agreements) personnel, as well developing plans for effective interrogation and constructing and delivering reports based on their findings.
Human Intelligence Collector	35M	Supervises and conducts tactical HUMINT collection operations that include, but are not limited to, debriefings, interrogations, and elicitations in English and foreign languages for positive intelligence and force protection information; screens Human Intelligence (HUMINT) sources and documents to establish priorities for exploitation; under CI supervision, plans and participates in counterintelligence and Force Protection Operations (CFSO).
Imagery Analyst	35G	Supervises or analyzes aerial and ground permanent record imagery developed by photographic and electronic means. Plans and recommends the use of imaging sensors for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.
Imagery Intelligence Technician	350G	Imagery Intelligence Technician is a warrant officer position that is responsible for providing expertise and leadership in geographic intelligence (GEOINT). They may act as the officer in charge of a team performing imagery analysis on a variety of still or video images, such as satellites and other national-level assets, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or cockpit video from an aircraft. In addition to identifying terrain, equipment, movement and any other potential threats, they may also perform intelligence briefings of the information they uncover.
Intelligence Analyst	35F	Supervises, performs, or coordinates, collection management, analysis, processing, and dissemination of strategic and tactical intelligence.
Intelligence Senior Sergeant	96Z	Supervises intelligence surveillance, collection, analysis, processing, and distribution activities at group, division, corps, US Army, and comparable or higher echelons.
Military Intelligence Officer	35O	Military Intelligence Officers are always out front, providing essential intelligence and in many cases saving Soldiers who are fighting on the front lines. Military Intelligence Officers also assess risks associated with friendly and enemy courses of action and act to counter or neutralize identified intelligence threats. The MI Officer also uses intelligence systems and data to reduce uncertainty of enemy, terrain and weather conditions for a commander.
Military Intelligence Systems Maintainer/Integrator	35T	Supervises or performs unit, direct support, and general support and depot maintenance of Command/Control subsystems, receiver subsystems, and processing/storage subsystems and related equipment at fixed station, remote sites, and US Army depots.
Signals Collection/Identification Analyst	98K	Performs and supervises collection, identification, exploitation, and analysis of foreign radioteletype, facsimile, and data communications. Performs collection management.
Signals Intelligence Analyist	35N	The Signals Intelligence Analyst supervises and performs analysis and reporting of intercepted foreign communications and non-communications at all echelons. Assist in the Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Synchronization process. Produces combat, strategic, and tactical intelligence reports.
Signals Intelligence Analyst	98C	Supervises and performs analysis and reporting of intercepted foreign communications at corps, division and echelon above corps (EAC). Performs collection management. Produces combat, strategic, and tactical intelligence reports.
Signals Intelligence Senior Sergeant	98Z	Serves as staff NCO for major commands engaged in Signals intelligence/electronic warfare (SIGINT/EW) operations and combat development or training.
Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator	96U	Supervises or operates the TUAV, to include mission planning, mission sensor/payload operations, launching, remotely piloting, and recovering the aerial vehicle.
Voice Interception Technician	352P	Voice Interception Technician is a warrant officer position which is responsible for conducting and directing Intelligence and Electronic Warfare (IEW) personnel on correct techniques, procedures, and employment of IEW assets. In addition, they may also advise commanders and their staff on the most effective way to employ IEW assets.

(Source: US Army Web site)